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December 21, 2025Varicose veins, or varicosities, are swollen, twisted veins just beneath the skin, often appearing on the legs. They occur when tiny one‑way valves fail, so blood pools rather than moving toward the heart. That pooling stretches the vein wall and creates the rope‑like bulges of the condition. Here is more information about varicose veins, what they are, and the symptoms they cause:
Causes and Risks
In healthy veins, valves and leg muscles push blood upward against gravity. When the valves are weak or damaged, blood flows backwards and accumulates, causing the vein to enlarge and twist. Factors that raise the likelihood of valve failure include:
- ageing
- hormonal changes
- pregnancy
- family history of varicose veins
Pressure in leg veins increases with prolonged standing or sitting, and excess body weight or restrictive clothing can cause strain on the veins. In some cases, lifestyle modifications may help reduce the pressure and strain on the veins in the legs.
Signs and Symptoms
With varicosities, the visible symptom is a bulging blue, green, or purple vein near the surface of the skin. Other signs include:
- swelling
- aching
- itching or burning sensations
- heaviness or fatigue
Symptoms are often worsened by long periods of standing, though in some cases they remain mild. Skin discoloration or persistent pain can be signs of more advanced disease; if you notice these types of changes, discuss them with a healthcare provider to determine whether you need further evaluation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Varicosities are usually diagnosed through a physical exam and questions about symptoms. Providers observe swelling and discoloration, as well as classify the severity with a system based on clinical manifestation, etiologic factors, anatomic distribution, and pathophysiologic dysfunction (CEAP). Ultrasound imaging can reveal whether the valves are working and detect deep vein reflux or clots.
Conservative treatments begin with lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, leg elevation, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting to improve blood flow. Compression stockings provide external support and are often the first line of therapy. If discomfort persists or the veins are bothersome, minimally invasive procedures such as radiofrequency ablation, laser ablation, sclerotherapy, or vein closure can redirect blood into healthier vessels.
Complications and Monitoring
Many people live with varicose veins without major problems, but sometimes complications may occur. The condition can lead to venous leg ulcers, which are open sores that develop after the skin becomes discolored. Superficial veins may bleed if they are injured, and people with varicose veins have a higher risk of blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis and superficial thrombophlebitis. Because complications of the condition can be serious, a healthcare provider will monitor and help you manage varicosities and your symptoms.
Learn More About Varicose Veins
Varicose veins develop when the vein valves become damaged, leading to visible, enlarged veins and other potential symptoms. Making an effort to move your body regularly, maintain a healthy weight, and wear loose clothing may help to relieve symptoms. If you notice you are developing symptoms, schedule an evaluation to discuss your concerns with a specialist.
