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Migraines are a neurological condition that commonly causes multiple symptoms. They are known for causing intense headaches, but they may also present with nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine attacks may cause pain for hours to days and may be so severe that the pain is disabling. While many people experience headaches, migraines are a distinct neurological event involving complex mechanisms within the brain and nervous system. Here’s more information on migraine headaches and why they occur:
What Causes Migraines?
The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood. Changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway, might be involved. Imbalances in brain chemicals, including serotonin, which helps regulate pain in your nervous system, are also thought to be a factor. Serotonin levels drop during migraine attacks, and this may cause your trigeminal system to release substances called neuropeptides, which travel to your brain’s outer covering (meninges), resulting in headache pain.
Several factors act as triggers for a migraine attack, including genetic and environmental impacts. These triggers do not cause migraines, but they may initiate an episode in susceptible individuals. Some common triggers include:
- Hormonal Changes
- Foods and Food Additives
- Alcoholic and Caffeinated Drinks
- Stress
- Strong Sensory Stimuli
- Changes in Sleep-wake Pattern
How Can Migraines Impact Daily Life?
The severity and frequency of migraine attacks vary from person to person, but the impact can be substantial on daily life. Many individuals need to rest in a dark, quiet room until symptoms subside. Headaches are broadly classified into primary and secondary categories based on their cause.
Primary headaches arise due to increased electrical activity or dysfunction in the pain-processing structures within the head. Not all severe headaches are migraines. Some common examples include:
- Migraines
- Cluster Headaches
- Tension Headaches
Secondary headaches result from an underlying medical condition, such as temporal arteritis. Temporal arteritis, an autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in the arteries that supply the brain, can lead to headaches, scalp tenderness, and facial pain. Another secondary condition is cervicogenic headaches, where neck pain radiates upward into the head. Conditions like sleep apnea, brain tumors, and anemia may trigger secondary headaches, as they disrupt normal bodily functions. Proper diagnosis is key to effectively addressing the underlying causes.
Tracking Symptoms
Keeping a headache diary can be a valuable tool for you and your healthcare provider. Try recording the frequency and severity of your headaches, associated symptoms, and potential triggers. This detailed log can help identify patterns over time, and the information gathered is valuable for establishing an accurate picture of your condition. Tracking symptoms provides a clearer understanding of how migraines affect your life.
Visiting a Specialist
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if headaches are severe, frequent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Individuals should seek medical attention if their headache pattern changes or if the headaches suddenly feel different. A specialist, like a neurologist, can help determine the type of headache and explore appropriate management strategies.
What Are Some Treatments?
Treatments for migraines aim to relieve symptoms and prevent future attacks. Treatment plans are often individualized based on the frequency and severity of the headaches, the degree of disability they cause, and the individual’s other medical conditions. Pain-relieving options are taken during migraine attacks and help stop symptoms. Preventive medications are taken regularly, often daily, to reduce the frequency, severity, and length of migraines. Advanced treatment and non-medication approaches may also be integrated into a management plan.
Schedule a Migraine Appointment
Migraines can disrupt daily activities, affecting work, family, and social life. If you are experiencing regular headache symptoms, contact a neurology specialist for a consultation today. A thorough evaluation helps you understand your specific situation, and a provider can develop a suitable management plan for your needs.
