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Spinal fractures can cause significant pain and limit mobility. One procedure developed to address certain types of spinal fractures, specifically vertebral compression fractures, is kyphoplasty. This medical intervention is designed to stabilize the fracture and may help alleviate associated back pain. Understanding the procedure and the subsequent recovery process can provide patients with a clearer picture of what to expect.
What Is Kyphoplasty?
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed to treat vertebral compression fractures. These fractures often occur as a result of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to breaking. A vertebral compression fracture happens when a bone in the spine collapses. This collapse can lead to severe pain, a stooped posture, and a decrease in physical function.
The primary goals of kyphoplasty are to stabilize the fractured vertebra, restore some of the lost vertebral height, and reduce the pain stemming from the fracture. By addressing the structural problem within the vertebra, the procedure aims to improve the patient’s overall quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. It is typically recommended for patients who experience persistent pain from a vertebral compression fracture that does not respond to non-surgical treatments.
What Does It Entail?
The kyphoplasty procedure is generally performed in a hospital or an outpatient surgical center. The patient may receive either local anesthesia. During the procedure, the patient lies face down on an operating table. The surgeon uses a type of live X-ray to guide the instruments with precision.
A small incision is made in the back through which a narrow tube is inserted. This tube creates a path to the fractured vertebra. The surgeon then carefully guides a special balloon through the tube and into the collapsed vertebra. The balloon is slowly inflated. As it expands, it elevates the fractured bone, returning it closer to its original height. This action also creates a cavity within the vertebral body.
Once the desired height is achieved, the balloon is deflated and removed. The surgeon then fills the newly created cavity with a cement-like material. This bone cement hardens quickly, stabilizing the vertebra. After the cement has set, the instruments are removed, and the small incision is closed.
What Does Recovery Involve?
The recovery period following kyphoplasty is typically shorter than that of more invasive spinal surgeries. Many patients are able to go home the same day, although some may require a brief overnight hospital stay for observation. It is common to experience some soreness at the incision site, which can be managed with ice packs and mild pain relievers as directed by the physician.
Activity restrictions are usually minimal, though patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and bending or twisting motions. A gradual return to normal daily activities is the standard approach. Many individuals report a noticeable reduction in back pain shortly after the procedure.
Physical therapy may be recommended as part of the rehabilitation process. A physical therapist can design a personalized exercise program to help strengthen the muscles that support the spine, improve posture, and increase flexibility. These exercises can help prevent future fractures and support long-term spinal health.
Confer With a Pain Management Specialist
Following a kyphoplasty procedure, regular follow-up appointments with a pain management specialist or the performing surgeon are standard. These appointments allow the medical team to monitor progress, assess pain levels, and make adjustments to the recovery plan. A specialist can also provide guidance on managing underlying conditions like osteoporosis to reduce the risk of future fractures. A comprehensive management plan will address both the immediate recovery and the patient’s long-term musculoskeletal health.
