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An ingrown toenail occurs when the side of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This condition typically affects the big toe, leading to pain, redness, and swelling. If left unaddressed, an ingrown toenail might become infected, which requires prompt attention to prevent further issues. Here is more information about the causes and treatments of ingrown toenails to help you manage this foot ailment:
Causes of Ingrown Toenails
Multiple factors can contribute to the development of an ingrown toenail, making it a complex condition. Trauma, such as a stubbed toe, is a typical cause. Your genetics may also play a role, as some individuals have naturally curved or fan-shaped toenails that are more prone to growing into the skin. Repetitive pressure from activities, such as running or kicking, may also contribute to this condition.
A typical cause is improper nail trimming. When you cut your toenails too short or round the edges, the nail may grow into the skin. Tight-fitting shoes or socks create another risk. They crowd the toes and put pressure on the nails. This consistent pressure can force the nail to grow abnormally into the soft tissue.
Treatments for Ingrown Toenails
For minor cases, home care may provide relief. Soaking the foot in warm, soapy water can reduce swelling, and you might gently lift the nail edge away from the skin. Some people find that placing a small piece of cotton or dental floss under the nail helps it grow above the skin edge. Analgesics could offer temporary pain management.
Professional intervention becomes necessary for persistent or severe cases. A podiatrist may offer several treatment options. They may lift the nail and place a splint under it to guide its growth away from the skin. This splint is typically left in place until the nail has grown out and the inflamed area has healed. This method redirects the nail’s growth pattern over time.
In more advanced situations, a minor surgical procedure might be performed. A partial nail avulsion consists of removing the portion of the nail that grows into the skin. After the nail is removed, the doctor might apply a chemical to the nail matrix to prevent that part of the nail from regrowing. The procedure may be done with a local anesthetic to numb the area.
Maintenance Methods
Proper nail care is a key part of prevention. You should cut your toenails straight across, and you can use a nail file to soften the corners gently. Avoid cutting them too short. This technique encourages the nail to grow forward rather than curving down into the skin, promoting healthier growth. Wearing appropriate footwear is also beneficial. Try these methods:
- Choose shoes with a wide toe box.
- Avoid high heels that push toes forward.
- Select socks made of breathable materials.
Infection Control
Ingrown toenails can break the skin, which creates an entry point for bacteria. Signs of infection include increased pain, pus, and warmth in the toe. A spreading redness is another indicator of a possible infection. Keeping the area clean is the first step in managing a potential infection. Do not attempt to drain the pus yourself. A professional can drain it safely and provide appropriate wound care instructions to support the healing process.
Get Treated for Ingrown Toenails
Taking steps like proper nail trimming and wearing well-fitting shoes helps maintain foot health. If your ingrown toenail shows signs of infection or causes significant pain, seeking professional care is a wise decision. If you are experiencing a painful or infected ingrown toenail, schedule an appointment with a podiatrist today to get treatment.
